It began with the "heartless" Tin man from the Wizard of Oz and continued with the humanoid robot that impersonated Maria in Metropolis. By the 1950s, we had a generation of scientists, mathematicians, and philosophers with the concept of artificial intelligence (or AI) culturally assimilated in their minds. One such person was Alan Turing, a young British polymath who explored the mathematical possibility of artificial intelligence. Turing suggested that humans use available information as well as reason in order to solve problems and make decisions, so why can't machines do the same thing? This was the logical framework of his 1950 paper, Computing Machinery and Intelligence in which he discussed how to build intelligent machines and how to test their intelligence.

The ultimate goal of AI research (which we are very far from achieving) is to build a person, or, more humbly, an animal.

Artificial Intelligence is the discipline of computer sciences that is responsible for planning, creating and developing computer systems that have characteristics associated with human behavior. For this reason, millions of people around the world are curious about it, so in this article we answer the most asked questions about this science. This means from our previous definition, that a computer will simulate both human behavior and its biological processes, as it happens in the field of androids robotics and drones and the facial recognition systems presents in smartphones made with artificial neural network algorithms. Although many scientists have contributed to knowledge in this discipline, the British Alan Turing is recognized as the father of Artificial Intelligence, because in 1950 he published an article called: Computing machinery and intelligence, where he explains that if a machine can imitate the behavior of beings humans, then it could be classified as intelligent. In this publication he proposed a test called: Turing Test, which consisted of having a person in one room and a computer in another, to then establish a communication, if in the middle of the conversation that person could not distinguish if he was communicating with a Machine or another person, one could say that this machine was intelligent. However, it was not until 1956 that the American John McCarthy coined the term: Artificial Intelligence, in the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, and then in 1960 create the first programming language of this discipline, which he called: LISP (LISt Processor: List processing).

Artificial Intelligence is machine intelligence or ability to think and process information like natural human intelligence in order to create expert systems with human intelligence (reasoning, learning, and problem solving) with help from science and technology disciplines such as Mathematics, Engineering, Biology, Computer Science, Linguistics and Psychology. The term intelligence, literally, means the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. The term Artificial Intelligence ( Artificial Intelligence) is pretty self-explanatory. It is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills artificially. In 1956, a group of researchers from different disciplines of technology gathered for the summit called Dartmouth Summer Research Project.

The Dartmouth College Artificial Intelligence Conference: The Next 50 Years (AI@50) took place July 13-15, 2006. The conference had three objectives: to celebrate the Dartmouth Summer Research Project, which occurred in 1956; to assess how far AI has progressed; and to project where AI is going or should be going. AI@50 was generously funded by the office of the Dean of Faculty and the office of the Provost at Dartmouth College, by DARPA, and by some private donors. Dating the beginning of any movement is difficult, but the Dartmouth Summer Research Project of 1956 is often taken as the event that initiated AI as a research discipline. John Mc-Carthy, a mathematics professor at Dartmouth at the time, had been disappointed that the papers in Automata Studies, which he coedited with Claude Shannon, did not say more about the possibilities of computers possessing intelligence.

The 1956 Dartmouth summer research project on artificial intelligence was initiated by this August 31, 1955 proposal, authored by John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude Shannon. The original typescript consisted of 17 pages plus a title page. Copies of the typescript are housed in the archives at Dartmouth College and Stanford University. The first 5 papers state the proposal, and the remaining pages give qualifications and interests of the four who proposed the study. The study is to proceed on the basis of the conjecture that every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it.

It began with the "heartless" Tin man from the Wizard of Oz and continued with the humanoid robot that impersonated Maria in Metropolis. By the 1950s, we had a generation of scientists, mathematicians, and philosophers with the concept of artificial intelligence (or AI) culturally assimilated in their minds. One such person was Alan Turing, a young British polymath who explored the mathematical possibility of artificial intelligence. Turing suggested that humans use available information as well as reason in order to solve problems and make decisions, so why can't machines do the same thing? This was the logical framework of his 1950 paper, Computing Machinery and Intelligence in which he discussed how to build intelligent machines and how to test their intelligence.

In the 1950s, science fiction writer Isacc Asimov, who wrote the Law of Robotics and I Robot, seriously put forward the idea of pursuing the development of AI ("cybernetics"), saying: "Cybernetics is not just another branch of science. It is an intellectual revolution that rivals in importance the earlier Industrial Revolution." In 1950, Turing published his landmark paper Computing Machinery and Intelligence, which questioned whether machines could think, or possess intelligence. Turing pointed out that the definition of'intelligence' was debatable, and reasoned that if a machine could appear to think just like a human it could be considered intelligent. The Turing test was born.

The 1956 Dartmouth summer research project on artificial intelligence was initiated by this August 31, 1955 proposal, authored by John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude Shannon. The original typescript consisted of 17 pages plus a title page. Copies of the typescript are housed in the archives at Dartmouth College and Stanford University. The first 5 papers state the proposal, and the remaining pages give qualifications and interests of the four who proposed the study. In the interest of brevity, this article reproduces only the proposal itself, along with the short autobiographical statements of the proposers.

"The 1956 Dartmouth summer research project on artificial intelligence was initiated by this August 31, 1955 proposal, authored by John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude Shannon. The original typescript consisted of 17 pages plus a title page. Copies of the typescript are housed in the archives at Dartmouth College and Stanford University. The first 5 papers state the proposal, and the remaining pages give qualifications and interests of the four who proposed the study. In the interest of brevity, this article reproduces only the proposal itself, along with the short autobiographical statements of the proposers."Tech. rep., Dartmouth College. Reprinted in AI Magazine, Vol 27, No. 4, p. 12, Winter 2006.